1. Parveen K, Hussain MA, Anwar S, Elagib HM, Kausar MA. Comprehensive review on diabetic foot ulcers and neuropathy: Treatment, prevention and management. World J Diabetes. 2025 Mar;16(3):100329. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v16.i3.100329. [DOI] [PubMed]

2. McDermott K, Fang M, Boulton AJM, Selvin E, Hicks CW. Etiology, Epidemiology, and Disparities in the Burden of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan;46(1):209-21. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci22-0043. [DOI] [PubMed]

3. Armstrong DG, Tan TW, Boulton AJM, Bus SA. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Review. JAMA. 2023 Jul;330(1):62-75. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.10578. [DOI] [PubMed]

4. Wagner FW Jr. The diabetic foot. Orthopedics. 1987 Jan;10(1):163-72. https://doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-19870101-28. [DOI] [PubMed]

5. Guo Q, Ying G, Jing O, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Deng M, et al. Influencing factors for the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers: A meta-analysis. Int Wound J. 2023 May;20(5):1762-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.14017. [DOI] [PubMed]

6. Sun Y, Zhou Y, Dai Y, Pan Y, Xiao Y, Yu Y. Predictors of post-healing recurrence in patients with diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Tissue Viability. 2024 Nov;33(4):542-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtv.2024.07.002. [DOI] [PubMed]

7. Liu Z, Wei D, Wang J, Gao L. Predicting major amputation risk in diabetic foot ulcers using comparative machine learning models for enhanced clinical decision-making. Sci Rep. 2025 Aug;15(1):28103. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13534-x. [DOI] [PubMed]

8. Gao L, Liu ZX, Wang JN. Predictive model and risk analysis for outcomes in diabetic foot ulcer using eXtreme Gradient Boosting algorithm and SHapley Additive exPlanation. World J Diabetes. 2025 Jul;16(7):104789. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v16.i7.104789. [DOI] [PubMed]

9. Lin C, Tian J, Zhang Z, Zheng C, Liu J. Risk factors associated with the recurrence of diabetic foot ulcers: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2025 Feb;20(2):e0318216. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318216. [DOI] [PubMed]

10. Kochhar K, Priesand S, Yosef M, Schmidt BM. Diabetic foot infection severity as a predictor of re-ulceration following partial forefoot amputation. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2025 May-Jun;64(3):238-42. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2024.10.012. [DOI] [PubMed]

11. Hsu CC, Lai HY, Lin HY, Pan SC, Cheng NC, Chen LK, et al. Recurrence of Diabetic Foot Complications: A Domino Effect Leading to Lethal Consequences-Insights From a National Longitudinal Study. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2024 May;11(6):ofae276. https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae276. [DOI] [PubMed]

12. Sharma N, Tandup C, Rastogi A, Sahu S, Behera A, Savlania A, et al. Predictors of Major Lower Extremity Amputation in Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. Cureus. 2025 Jan;17(1):e77339. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.77339. [DOI] [PubMed]

13. Zhou Z, Jia Y, Yan H, Xu J, Wang S, Wen J. Risk prediction models for patients with recurrent diabetic foot ulcers: A systematic review. Public Health. 2025 Jul;244:105744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2025.105744. [DOI] [PubMed]

14. Xie XR, Yu MF, Xu R, Liu Y, Zhang J. From Ulcer to Amputation: A Systematic Review of Prognostic Models for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Amputation. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2025 Sep;18:3099-3111. https://doi.org/10.2147/rmhp.s542262. [DOI] [PubMed]